Climatic Regions of India

The National Building Code of India (NBC) 2016 provides a detailed classification of the country's diverse climatic zones to guide the design and construction of buildings suited to the specific environmental conditions. India is divided into five primary climatic zones:

Hot-Dry, Warm-Humid, Temperate, Composite, and Cold.

Each zone is characterized by distinct climatic factors such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and solar radiation, which influence building design elements like insulation, ventilation, shading, and material selection.

This zoning ensures that buildings are energy efficient, comfortable, and resilient to the specific climate challenges they face, promoting sustainable construction practices across the country.

The cold climatic zone is prevalent in the states and union territories of Ladakh, Jammu, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

The hot and dry or hot and arid climatic zone is prevalent in the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan and Maharashtra.

The Warm and Humid climatic zone is prevalent in the states of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, Manipal, Nagaland.

The composite climatic zone is prevalent in the states of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Chandigarh, Uttaranchal, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh.